Discover the Masterpiece of Bernini: The Fountain of the Four Rivers in piazza Navona

Just a 20-minute walk from QuodLibet B&B, nestled in the heart of Piazza Navona, lies one of Rome’s one of the most celebrated masterpieces: the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fountain of the Four Rivers). Designed by the famous sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1651, this fountain stands as a testament to the artistic genius that shaped much of Rome’s Baroque landscape. Yet, behind its beauty lies a story filled with rivalry, intrigue, and the ever-present competition between two of the era’s greatest architects: Bernini and Francesco Borromini.

The Genius of Bernini and the Birth of the Fountain

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, born in Naples in 1598, is often regarded as the greatest sculptor of the Baroque period. His work on the Fountain of the Four Rivers is a prime example of his ability to blend architecture, sculpture, and symbolism into a cohesive whole. Commissioned by Pope Innocent X, the fountain was intended to be the centerpiece of Piazza Navona, one of Rome’s most iconic squares, built on the site of the ancient Stadium of Domitian.

The fountain represents the four major rivers of the continents known at the time: the Danube (Europe), the Ganges (Asia), the Nile (Africa), and the Rio de la Plata (Americas). Each river is personified by a colossal figure, each distinct in character and surrounded by flora and fauna native to their respective regions. At the center of the fountain stands a towering Egyptian obelisk, brought to Rome in ancient times, which Bernini integrated into the design, further enhancing the grandeur of the composition.

The Rivalry with Borromini

No discussion of the Fountain of the Four Rivers would be complete without mentioning the intense rivalry between Bernini and Francesco Borromini. Borromini, another towering figure of Baroque architecture, was initially favoured by Pope Innocent X for this project. However, Bernini, determined to secure the commission, strategically presented a model of his proposed fountain directly to the Pope. Legend has it that upon seeing Bernini’s design, the Pope was so impressed that he immediately awarded the project to Bernini, much to Borromini’s dismay.

This rivalry wasn’t limited to the fountain. Just across Piazza Navona, Borromini was working on the Church of Sant’Agnese in Agone, a project originally started by another architect, but later passed to Borromini after his successful design for San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. The church’s façade faces the Fountain of the Four Rivers, and over the years, a myth has developed suggesting that Bernini designed one of the river gods—the figure representing the Nile, whose face is obscured by a veil—as if shielding himself from the sight of Borromini’s church. While this is likely just a tale, it adds to the fascinating narrative of their rivalry.

The Myth of the Veiled River God

The figure of the Nile is shrouded in mystery, with its head covered by a cloth. This has led to speculation and myth-making, with some saying that Bernini was symbolizing the then-unexplored source of the Nile, or, as the popular legend goes, that the veil was a symbolic gesture to protect the fountain from the sight of Borromini’s façade on Sant’Agnese. In reality, the veiled figure likely represents the fact that the source of the Nile was unknown at the time, but the myth persists as a colourful anecdote in the story of these two great architects.

The Significance of Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona itself is one of the most beautiful and historically rich squares in Rome. Built on the site of the Stadium of Domitian, it retains the shape of the ancient Roman circus. Today, the square is a vibrant hub, filled with street artists, cafes, and visitors who come to marvel at its Baroque beauty. The Fountain of the Four Rivers stands at the centre, flanked by two other fountains: the Fontana del Moro at the southern end and the Fontana del Nettuno at the northern end, both of which also add to the square’s charm.

For guests at QuodLibet B&B, a visit to Piazza Navona and the Fountain of the Four Rivers is a must. Located just a short walk from our B&B, you can easily reach this iconic square, enjoying the sights and sounds of Rome along the way. As you stroll through the cobblestone streets leading to Piazza Navona, you’ll be retracing the steps of history, immersing yourself in the rich cultural heritage that Rome offers at every turn.

A Glimpse into the Life of Bernini

Bernini was more than just a sculptor; he was a true Renaissance man, excelling in painting, architecture, and even theatre. His work on the Fountain of the Four Rivers was just one of many contributions to Rome, which include St. Peter’s Basilica, the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa in Santa Maria della Vittoria, and the Colonnade of St. Peter’s Square. His influence on the city is unparalleled, and his rivalry with Borromini, while contentious, led to some of the most extraordinary works of art and architecture that continue to define Rome today.

Visiting Piazza Navona from QuodLibet

When staying at QuodLibet B&B, Piazza Navona is easily accessible and offers a perfect starting point for exploring Rome’s Baroque treasures. Whether you’re interested in art, and history, or simply enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of one of Rome’s most beloved squares, the Fountain of the Four Rivers is a highlight not to be missed. After visiting the fountain, take time to explore the nearby Pantheon, Campo de’ Fiori, and the many charming streets that surround this historic area.

The story of Bernini, his masterpieces, and his rivalry with Borromini is just one of the many layers that make Rome an endlessly fascinating city. As you explore, you’ll discover the intricate connections between art, history, and the personalities that have shaped this eternal city.